Self-locking block and complementary pieces for the raising of pillars and free-standing walls

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to rooms or buildings constructed by raising walls using prefabricated blocks made of Portland cement mortar reinforced with steel fibers, that are stable without requiring a mortar mixture, or any additional internal or external structural support for the construction of the walls.

RELATED U.S. APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 14/103,465 filed Dec. 11, 2013, entitled SELF-LOCKING BLOCK ANDCOMPLEMENTARY PIECES FOR THE RAISING OF PILLARS AND FREE-STANDING WALLS,pending, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.13/073,232 filed Mar. 28, 2011, entitled “SELF-LOCKING BLOCK ANDCOMPLEMENTARY PIECES FOR THE RAISING OF PILLARS AND FREE-STANDINGWALLS”, abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. applicationSer. No. 12/123,783 filed May 20, 2008, entitled “SELF-LOCKING BLOCK ANDCOMPLEMENTARY PIECES FOR THE RAISING OF PILLARS AND FREE-STANDINGWALLS”, abandoned, the disclosure of these applications, which areincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the construction field. Morespecifically, the present invention relates to prefabricated blockssuitable for the construction of pillars, walls, rooms, and buildingsthat do not require the use of any external or internal structuralsupport, adhesive, mortar mixture, or support beams.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The construction industry is continuously searching for ways to obtainfirmness, stability, and high resistance for the use of prefabricatedpieces destined to raise walls, rooms, and buildings.

In many cases, the use of larger amounts of elements for the raising ofwalls has been avoided so the task becomes as simple as possible for theworkers without qualification or even by the future occupants of thehouse.

Unfortunately, the proposed solutions for prefabricated pieces of theprior art that do not require the use of a mortar mixture did not offersatisfactory levels of firmness, stability, or high resistance. At thesame time, the proposed solutions in the matter of fit in prefabricatedpieces had demonstrated that the use of elements to help in theconstruction as metal supports or beams had not been totally avoided.

Additionally, the proposed solutions until this moment have not allowedobtaining a suitable finish for the walls including openings for doorsand windows or for forming the 90 degree angle when connecting two wallsto form a room.

The present invention proposes an alternative to solve these problems.

The present invention includes a prefabricated block and complementaryblocks that allows the user to build pillars, walls, rooms, andbuildings without the need of an external or internal structuralsupport, adhesive, mortar mixture, support beams, or plaster. Theprefabricated blocks and complementary blocks interconnect betweenthemselves and are made of Portland cement mortar reinforced with steelfibers. The Portland cement mortar reinforced with the steel fibersprovides the block with enough strength so that the wall, room, orbuilding can be raised without the need of external or internalstructural support, adhesive, mortar mixture, or support beams.

The pillars, walls, rooms, and buildings constructed by the blocks andcomplementary blocks of the present invention are self-locking becausetheir connecting mechanism is absent external or internal structuralsupport, adhesive, mortar mixture, or support beams. In addition, thepillars, walls, rooms, and buildings constructed by the blocks andcomplementary blocks of the present invention are free-standing becausethey do not require the use of additional external or internalstructural support elements.

The complementary blocks may be derived from the design of the block andthey are a lintel beam which can also be used as a career beam or crownbeam; a head-block; and a semi-block.

The block and complementary blocks interact in a way that is describednext, providing a technical alternative for the solution of thedescribed technical problems. By the interaction of these elements,pillars, walls, rooms, and buildings having firmness, stability, andhigh resistance and free-standing capacity are constructed, obtaining asuitable finish in spaces destined to openings, doors and windows, aswell as a suitable encounter between the right angle walls that offer asolid mechanical entailment between the convergent walls.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a prefabricated block made of Portlandcement mortar reinforced with steel fibers fit in self-locking form,suitable for the raising of firm pillars, walls, rooms, and buildingsthat are stable without requiring external or internal structuralsupport, adhesive, mortar mixture, or support beams. The blocks aredesigned to work as elements of a freestanding wall of great strength,able to act without the cooperation of other structural elements. Due tothe composition of Portland cement mortar and steel fibers in theappropriate proportions, each block sustains loads of 16 tons during acompression test.

It is also an objective of the present invention to providecomplementary block elements derived from the design of the block thatcomplements the block in the task of raising the pillars, walls, rooms,and buildings. They complementary blocks are: lintel beam, head-block,and semi-block.

The block and the complementary block interlock with each other allowingthe raising of the pillars, walls, rooms, and buildings by using a drymethod.

In the present invention, the term dry method refers to a method thatallows raising pillars, walls, rooms, and buildings without the use of amortar mixture, and any additional external or internal structuralsupport.

Additionally, the high resistance design that the prefabricated materialgrants to the blocks and the derived complementary block elements doesnot require plaster, mortar mixture, adhesives, during the constructionof the pillars, walls, rooms, or buildings.

DESCRIPTION WITH REFERENCE TO THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1—illustrates a perspective view of the block according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention. The block is aparallelepiped of rectangular base (1) and the two protrusions 2 thatoverpass the rectangular base (1). In the same figure a top view isshown where the hollow interior cavities (3) of the base (1) can beseen;

FIG. 2—illustrates a front view, longitudinal section, lateral view, andcross-sectional view of the block showing the parallelepiped ofrectangular base (1) of which the two protrusions (2) overpass;

The longitudinal and cross-sectional sections show the two hollowcavities (3) of the base (1), hollow cavities, each one of the hollowcavities (3) includes two segments of straight prismatic form of squarebase, having each one of them different segment dimensions (4, 5).

FIG. 3—illustrates a top view, a front view, and a lateral view of thesemi-block (6) showing a single protrusion (2);

FIG. 4—illustrates a bottom view of the head-block (7) showing the twohollow cavities (8) symmetrically placed; 7 a represent a top view ofthe head-block, 7 b represents a front view of the head-block, and 7 crepresents a side view of the head-block;

In same FIG. 4, 7 represents a longitudinal cross sectional view of thehead-block showing the hollow cavities (8) and the solid superior part(9);

FIG. 5—illustrates a perspective view of the lintel beam (10) showingits two ends (11);

FIG. 6—illustrates a top view of the lintel beam (10) of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7—illustrates a cross-sectional view of one of the ends (11) of thelintel beam;

FIG. 8—illustrates a front view of the lintel beam (10) of FIG. 5;

FIG. 9—illustrates a longitudinal cross sectional view of the lintelbeam (10) showing the stirrups (12), the main reinforcement (13) and thesecondary reinforcement (14);

FIG. 10—Illustrates a top view of a pillar of square section (15) wheretwo blocks (1) are placed one next to the other;

FIG. 11—illustrates a front view of a pillar of square section (15)showing the alternative disposition of layers of two blocks (1) thatlink with the superior layers when turning ninety degrees theirdirection;

FIG. 12—illustrates a back view of a pillar of square section (15);

FIG. 13—illustrates a perspective front view of the superior part of apillar of square section (15;

FIG. 14—illustrates a wall (16) constructed on the basis of the presentsystem with the use of the block (1), semi-block (6), head-block (7),lintel beam (10). The pieces used are observed at the foot of therepresentation. Also, a pillar of square section (15) is shown;

FIG. 15—illustrates a perspective front view of a room constructed onthe basis of the system according to the present invention.

FIG. 16—illustrates a perspective front view of a building including atleast two rooms interconnected by an internal door and constructed onthe basis of the system according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The basic piece is constituted by a block. From the shape of the block,the other three mentioned complementary block elements are derived.

The block comprises a parallelepiped of rectangular base 1 whose lengthis double than its width and its height is a third of the length, withtwo small identical protrusions 2 that overpass its superior face.

The parallelepiped protrusions overpass the block. Nevertheless, in thischapter, for the single effects to give clarity to the description thatfollows, reference to the parallelepiped and the protrusions will bemade separately.

The base has in its interior two hollow cavities symmetrically disposed.Each one of the hollow cavities is made up of two segments having squarebase straight prismatic form. The segments are placed one on top of theother and each one of the segments has different dimensions. Thesuperior and inferior ends of the segments are opened.

The system to interconnect the blocks between them is similar to themale/female interconnection system. The inferior segments of each one orboth hollow cavities in the parallelepiped are predicted to functionlike the cavities or female elements in this system.

Both hollow cavities provide the block a favorable contribution tothermal insulation that is desirable in a wall designed to serve as aclosing outer wall.

The weight of the block is lightened, allowing easy work manipulation.The approximated weight of the block may be 6.5 kg, for an example, inwhich the rectangular base blocks have a length of 30 cm, width of 15 cmand a height of 10 cm, obtaining in addition a wall with its own weightof approximately 217 kg/m.sup.2 in walls of 15 cm, comparable to theweight of a plastered solid brick wall of the same thickness.

The two protrusions that overpass the superior face of the base of theblock are symmetrically arranged and have a square base straightprismatic form. Each one of the protrusions includes an interior hollowvolume also with a straight prismatic form of square base, being thehollow cavities symmetrically located. The superior and inferior ends ofthe hollow prism are open.

The inferior ends of the hollow cavities of the protrusions are incommunication with the superior ends of the hollow cavities of the base,so that each one of the hollow cavities of the protrusions is continuedin each one of the hollow cavities of the base.

The main function of the protrusions is to serve as a mechanical bondbetween the blocks constituting the male element in the mentionedmale/female system. Each one of the blocks is fit in with another byintroducing the protrusions of one of them in the inferior segments ofthe hollow cavities of the base.

The interconnection between the blocks of the present invention allowsto eliminate the necessity of a mortar mixture because conferring thewall, at the same time, stability and a monolithism similar to the oneobtained in a traditional wall with the use of a mortar mixture. It isfor this reason that the block is called self-locking.

The system of the present invention allows, in addition, to eliminatethe necessity of additional structural elements, such as supports ormetal beams, which are use to provide the walls with the necessaryraising capacity. The pillars and the walls that are constructed are bydesign free-standing for important wall height and with capacity tosupport reinforced concrete slabs with usual design overloads. Withoutdamage to it, in the case of being needed as a structural reinforcementdestined to other aims, this one can be implemented by addingreinforcement and concrete in the continuous hollow columns that areformed in the walls as a product of placing the blocks in successivelayers.

The two protrusions allow an average adult worker to take the blockcomfortably with a single hand, which facilitates its manipulation andpositioning in the work area.

As the blocks are fit into one another, walls can be perfectly raisedsaving in manual labor from the qualitative point of view.Non-specialized workers and people who work under the modality ofauto-construction or mutual aid can execute the walls with professionalfinishing.

A result of the block design and placing them in successive layers isthe formation of pillars and walls with continuous vertical hollowcolumns in its interior.

Another result of both is the greater yield per time because walls canbe raised with a non-possible speed by other methods.

The pillars and walls do not need any fresh element that sets; they havehigh resistance which, along with the characteristics already mentioned,makes them suitable to offer immediate raising capacity.

In a preferable embodiment, the pillars are of square section withfree-standing capacity, which is obtained by providing alternativelysuccessive layers of two blocks that are linked to successive superiorlayers when turning ninety degrees their orientation. In the walls withfree-standing capacity, somewhat, the standing capacity is obtained whensuccessive block layers are placed and the link with the superiorsuccessive layers is made without the need to turn the direction ofsuch.

Regarding the strength, due to the composition of Portland cement mortarand steel fibers in the appropriate proportions, each block supportsloads of 16t pure compression.

Another result of the block design and alternatively intercalating inthe junction of the walls encounter the blocks so they aresimultaneously fit in both walls; its right angle walls are obtainedthat allow achieving, at the same time, in the considered corner amonolithism of equal order of the one of each wall itself.

The corners are conformed in the same hollow columns that are in therest of the walls. These hollow columns can be used to producereinforced concrete pillars in their interior if it is considered usefulto the effects of providing additional stability.

Also, it is distinguishable to the facility to implement theinstallation of lights, water, or other services by means of interiorcanals that use the vertical hollow spaces of the walls.

The link between the blocks with each other causes the block to be setunder compression forces, supported fundamentally by the mortar, andflexion and cut that are essentially supported by the steel fibers thatintegrate the mortar matrix. The content of steel fiber additionallyconfers a high resistance to impacts.

Lintel Beam

For the effects to totally allow the raising of walls with prefabricatedelements a lintel beam is introduced.

The lintel beam is a piece having a cross-sectional section identical tothe block, the length is equivalent to a multiple of the block lengthand the longitudinal section is equal to the one obtained by placingseveral aligned blocks. The volume is equivalent to the volume ofcombining several blocks in which the hollow openings symmetricallyplaced have been filled up; thus, they are parallelepipeds having asolid rectangular base with solid protrusions that overpass them, joinedamong them.

Its reinforcement is equivalent to that of a traditional beam.

The ends of the lintel beam have the same form of a block which confersa type of uniform fit in for the whole structure. These ends are thosethat link the lintel beam to the masonry allowing a fit in with the restof the wall.

Its function is double: they can serve as lintel beam in openings; but,in addition, placing them in series, can function as career beam orcrown beam, according to the case.

They may be prefabricated of several lengths being advisable to limitthem, for simplicity as well as for economy, in addition to the inherentconditioning to the work manipulation and design factors.

The lintel beam has main reinforcement, secondary reinforcement, andstirrups according to the usual design hypotheses in reinforcedconcrete, and they are made with the same material of the blocksincluding the steel fibers.

Head

The head block is use to provide a space for windows and doors.

This piece allows to easily construct a ledge, as well as to finish offthe crowning of a wall or a crown beam in a uniform way offering asmooth surface when it is required for construction reasons.

It is prefabricated with the same material of the above identifiedblock.

It derives from the design of the block because starting from the blockdesign, the protrusions are eliminated and the rectangular baseparallelepiped is provided with a solid superior face.

The solid superior face is obtained by filling the superior prismaticsegments of the hollow cavities of the mentioned parallelepiped.

It is linked by means of the inferior face where they are the twocavities or female elements constituted by the prismatic hollow cavitiessymmetrically placed that are equivalent to the inferior segments of thehollow cavities of the rectangular parallelepiped that forms part of ablock.

The head-block is fit in an inferior block by means of the previouslymentioned male/female, because the protrusions of the inferior block arefit in the cavities that are opened in the inferior face of thehead-block.

Semi-Block

In addition, a semi-block is added which, along with the lintel beam,allows forming a space suitable to tie down windows or doors by means ofsuitable adherences.

It is a piece derived from the block.

Starting from a block as it has been described; a transversalcross-sectional section is performed as previously described to obtaintwo identical semi-blocks.

The semi-blocks are fit in blocks in order to complete the lateralclosing of the wall in those places where they need to be implemented,for example, spaces destined to windows and doors, or joining of walls.

Next to the lintel beam, the semi-block allows producing a spacesuitable for the frame for the windows or doors by means of suitableadherences, for example, a wall anchor.

Characteristic of the Wall

The composition of the elements of the mortar-cement, water, and sandincluding its mesh allows to obtain a wall of texture comparable totexture of a plastered wall, that along with its resistance, allowsleaving out the plaster for interior as well as for exterior.

The mentioned texture and consistency grant a suitable impermeability,making it only necessary to perform the sealing of the superficialjunctions that form in the ornament between the pieces, with cementmortar or a suitable pastine. This sealing may be applied by a personthat does not have any technical skill in a similar way to theenforcement of joints, for example, ceramic pieces or floor tiles.

The morphology of these pieces and link also grant facility andmonolithism in the execution of the wall joints and the corners in rightangle that prevail at general level.

From the point of view of the work schedule, it is obtained a shorteningof the same by way of eliminating the necessity of habitual waitingtimes that assure a minimum structural resistance in traditionalresistant elements, as well as to eliminate delays due to the incidenceof the adverse weather in outdoor work.

The use of the block and the pieces derived from it, with thecharacteristics described for the raising of pillars and inner and outerwalls, constitutes an integral constructive system. This system assuresthe fast emergence of complementary elements like doors, windows, orceilings.

In addition, it is to emphasize the remarkable resistance to impact thatconfers the steel fiber content, important point for a wall that isdesigned to be without interior or exterior plaster.

Construction of a Room or a Building

To build a room having a length “L”, a width “A”, and a height “H”, theuser may carefully calculate that the predetermined measures of the roomare multiples of the measurements of the blocks and the complementaryblocks taking into account the openings for windows and doors. It isimportant to avoid having to modify the size of the blocks and/or thecomplementary blocks in order to keep the physical integrity of theblocks or complementary blocks.

The room according to the present invention may be built on any standardfoundation for conventional masonry brick or blocks. The user may checkthe proper leveling of the foundation, and then the user may outline theperimeter of the foundation with the blocks, leaving free the openingsfor the doors that connect adjacent rooms.

The second row of blocks may be placed by interconnecting the block totwo adjacent blocks on the first row. The same operation occurs for thecorners, where even the axes of the blocks of the concurrent walls forma 90 degree angle, the measurement allows the upper block to produce amechanical link between both walls.

The complementary blocks are key elements in order to assure the sametype of mechanical linkage to create the openings for doors and/orwindows.

Several rooms may be linked together in order to create a building.

The coronation of all openings is ensured through the positioning andclip-on of the one of the complementary blocks, the beam, according tothe present invention.

The roofing of the building may be made by means of any standard roofingsystem.

The building according to the present invention does not use anyadditional internal or external structural support, for the purposes ofensuring the stability of the building and the appropriate surfaceresistance of the walls.

The building material of the blocks in conjunction with the matter oflinking the blocks and complementary blocks ensures the appropriatesurface resistance of the walls of the building comparable to a wall ofreinforced concrete or masonry including internal or external structuralsupport.

The above statement is based on the values of resistance to bending andcutting which is capable of withstanding the wall made with the systemdescribed.

A Working Embodiment

Next, a working embodiment is described without meaning in any way somelimitation in the reach of this request for patent, since it is possibleto always give other measures to the block and other pieces obtainingthe same results, as long as the proportion between the measures ismaintained.

Block

In a preferred form to obtain an easily manageable volume by theworkers, by its dimensions as well as by its weight, and considering asuitable wall width, the rectangular base parallelepiped has a length of30 cm, a width of 15 cm, and a height of 10 cm, whereas the protrusionshas a length of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm and a height of 4.5 cm.

From the inferior face of the rectangular base parallelepiped, it ispossible to access the two cavities or female elements constituted bythe prismatic inferior segments of the hollow cavities symmetricallyplaced. Each one of these prismatic segments has a length of 11 cm, awidth of 11 cm, and a height of 5 cm.

Between the internal faces of the inferior segments of both hollowcavities there is a separation of 4 cm. From the external faces of theinferior segments of both hollow cavities there is a separation of 2 cmwith respect to the lateral faces of the parallelepiped.

The prismatic superior segments of the hollow cavities symmetricallyplaced have a length of 7 cm, a width of 7 cm, and a height of 5 cm.

The protrusions measure 10 cm in length, 10 cm in width, and 4.5 cm inheight, whereas the inner hollow cavities measure 7 cm in length, 7 cmin width, and 4.5 cm in height.

The protrusions symmetrically placed in the superior face of the blockhave a separation among them of 5 cm, and each one of them moved away2.5 cm of the respective lateral faces of the parallelepiped. Thethickness of the walls of the protrusions is of 1.5 cm.

The described measures constitute a preferred example by the inventor,without for that reason, limiting the reach of this request of patent.The mentioned measures can change if the proportions are maintained.

When placing the blocks one next to another, and one fit in the other asa male/female, layers or rows of blocks are formed that allow to raiseas an example columns, inner or outer walls.

The fit in between pieces allows forming square pillars of 30 cm of sidewith standing capacity, this is obtained by alternatively placing layersof two blocks that link with the superior layers when turning ninetydegrees their direction.

The height of the pillars and the walls is a multiple of the height ofthe block. In the above mentioned example it is a multiple of 10 cm.This is particularly useful in the case of using foundation stall, inwhich case the pillars may be placed as an additional ceiling support.

Lintel Beam

For the case of rectangular base block type of a length of 30 cm, awidth of 15 cm, and a height of 10 cm, the beams may be made with asection of 15 cm of base by 10 cm of height, which limits the amount ofreinforcement to be placed.

Its weight must be so that it allows to manipulate it and to place it inthe wall with facility, to such effects, in a manufacture example forthe previously mentioned case, is considered to prefabricate the lintelbeams of two lengths, that is to say: of 1.20 m for lintels of doors,and 1.50 m for lintels of windows. The fact that the beam door lintelhas 1.20 m allows a free light of 90 cm to the effects to locate thedoor and the frame. The length of the lintel beam of window of 1.50 mallows that the width of the window with the frame is 1.20 m.

In the case of the beams, section lintels 15 cm by 10 cm and 1.50 cm ofoverall length, its total weight is approximately of 65 kg, which allowsthat two workers position it in the work area without great difficulty.

Head-Block

Starting from the design of the block, and having eliminated theprotrusions, the superior hollow segments of the parallelepiped that arefilled up have a length of 7 cm, width of 7 cm and a height of 5 cm.

From the inferior face of the head-block, it is possible to access thetwo cavities or female elements constituted by the prismatic hollowcavities symmetrically placed. Each one of these volumes has a length of11 cm, a width of 11 cm, and a height of 5 cm.

Semi-Block

Starting from the block as it has been described; a cross-sectionalsection is performed in the block to obtain two identical semi-blocks.

Consequently, starting from the measures previously described for theblock, it is possible to easily deduce the measures of the semi-block.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The blocks are feasible products to be produced exclusively atindustrial level by means of matrix or molds, which facilitates thenecessary quality control and made possible the desirable scaleeconomies.

The semi-blocks, which can be obtained by sectioning blocks with commonequipment, are feasible industrially prefabricated by means of matricesor molds.

The head-block and the beams can only be prefabricated industrially bymeans of matrices or molds obtaining the desirable standardization.

Being made of Portland cement mortar reinforced with steel fibers, theprefabricated blocks and complementary blocks included in this inventionneed to be made by using pressure molding at room temperature. Saidmolds, support abrasion cement ranges typically ranging from 50,000 to100,000 cycles or more of use. The use of processes involving work attemperatures between 50 C.° and 250 C.°, such as injection molding ofplastic materials is completely discarded by three separate reasons:

a) Accelerated deterioration of internal metal parts of the injectors:

You cannot use an injector for plastics to inject cement because theabrasiveness of the cement will ruin the interior walls of burnishedsteel of the apparatus, unless that after each cycle the apparatus iscompletely disassembled and thoroughly cleaned. Obviously, such aprocess would cost so much and it is not recommended, since it would betaking about one or two days of work to disassemble, clean, and assemblethe apparatus. Although the apparatus is perfectly cleaned, could not beused because the abrasion.

b) Material properties required by the thermoplastics injector:

Regardless of the damage of working with Portland cement mortarreinforced with steel fibers in the interior of thermoplastic injectors,which would produce accelerated wear of metal parts, or nozzle clogging,it is necessary to consider the type of material required to work withthe injectors. The materials are required to have a deformationtemperature within the range of use of the injector (50 C.°-250 C.°),since the viscosity of the material increases as the temperatureincreases. This allows the material to flow into the interior of theinjectors, which, combined with the pressure applied, it molds thepiece. In the case of a Portland cement mortar, which is a type ofconcrete, the opposite effect occurs in an injector. The injector's highworking temperatures accelerate the chemical setting reaction of thecement mixture, causing the cement to react rapidly, presenting a rapidstiffening of the molding mass.

In case we have two equal cements at different temperatures, the onethat is at the lower temperature is always the more fluid, just theopposite to thermoplastic materials. Thus, many specifications requirethat the concrete to have a temperature equal or below 32° C. ASTM C 94(AASHTO M 157), specification records the difficulties that can occurwhen the temperature is about 32 C.°. The ideal working temperaturesaccording to several standards are comprised between 20° C. to 30° C.(68° F. to 86° F.), as specified in ASTM C 192 (AASHTO T 126, IRAM 1534,NTC 1377, NMX-C −159).

c) Loss of strength of the blocks as a result of the operatingtemperatures of the injectors:

There is a third inherent reason for the desired properties in theblock, and is therefore the most important, which completely excludessubjecting the material of the pieces during the manufacturing processto high temperatures, just the opposite case of thermoplastic materialsthat need high temperatures during the manufacturing process. Increasingthe temperature in the concrete correlates widely with a low mechanicalstrength of the pieces at later ages since the setting.

In some embodiment, the building may be at least two stories high.

1-8. (canceled)
 9. A construction block consisting of: portland cement;sand; water; and steel fibers wherein the portland cement, the sand, thewater, and the steel fibers are mixed and then pressure molded at roomtemperature.
 10. The construction block of claim 9, wherein theconstruction block is a block, a semi-block, a lintel beam, a crownbeam, or a head beam.
 11. The construction block of claim 9, wherein theblock comprises: a base having a top end, a bottom end, two separatecavities symmetrically placed inside the base, and hollow protrusionsextending over the top end of the block, wherein the cavities run fromthe top end to the bottom end of the base; and each hollow protrusion isconnected to one of the cavities; each cavity includes: a first segmentlocated near the bottom end of the base having a square shape with afirst longitudinal dimension; a second segment connected to the firstsegment, the second segment having a square base with a secondlongitudinal dimension; the first longitudinal dimension is greater thanthe second longitudinal dimension; and a step formed at a point wherethe first segment connects with the second segment; wherein the blockconnects to at least one second block free of without using an externalstructural support, a plaster, an internal structural support, anadhesive, a mortar mixture, or support beams.